Treatment
Medications
A major option for many mental disorders is psychiatric medication.
There are several main groups. Antidepressants are used for the treatment
of clinical depression as well as often for anxiety and other disorders.
There are a number of antidepressants beginning with the tricylics,
moving through a wide variety of drugs that modify various facets of
the brain chemistry dealing with intercellular communication. Beta-blockers,
developed as a heart medication, is also used as an antidepressant.
Anxiolytics are used for anxiety disorders and related problems such
as insomnia. Mood stabilizers are used primarily in bipolar disorder.
Lithium A (a metal) and Lamictal (an epileptic drug) are notable for
treating both mania and depression. The others, mainly targeting mania
rather than depression, are a wide variety of epilepsy medications and
antipsychotics. Antipsychotics are used for psychotic disorders, notably
for positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Although there has not been
any evidence of the superiority of newer, atypical antipsychotic drugs,
they are being prescribed to individuals in impoverished areas who may
not be able to afford them. The prescription of relatively cheaper,
older typical antipsychotic drugs is the most desired method. Stimulants
are commonly used, notably for ADHD. Despite the different conventional
names of the drug groups, there can be considerable overlap in the kinds
of disorders for which they are actually indicated. There may also be
off-label use. There can be problems with adverse effects and adherence.