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Mental
Treatment
Mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern
that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability
that is not expected as part of normal development or culture. The recognition
and understanding of mental disorders have changed over time and across
cultures.
Definitions, assessments, and classifications of mental disorders
can vary, but guideline criteria listed in the ICD, DSM and other manuals
are widely accepted by mental health professionals.
Categories of diagnoses in these schemes may include dissociative disorders, mood disorders, anxiety
disorders, psychotic disorders, eating disorders, developmental disorders,
personality disorders, and many other categories.
In many cases there is no single accepted or consistent cause of mental disorders, although
they are often explained in terms of a diathesis-stress model and biopsychosocial
model. Mental disorders have been found to be common, with over a third
of people in most countries reporting sufficient criteria at some point
in their life. Mental health services may be based in hospitals. Mental
health professionals diagnose individuals using different methodologies,
often relying on case history and interview. Psychotherapy and psychiatric
medication are two major treatment options, as well as supportive interventions.
Treatment may be involuntary where legislation allows. Several movements
campaign for changes to mental health services and attitudes, including
the Consumer/Survivor Movement. There are widespread problems with stigma
and discrimination. |
